In 1953, Iskandar Riachi, one of Lebanon's most candid and sharp-tongued journalists, published his memoirs under the title Before and After (1).

The defeat and ineffectiveness of the Lebanese left has its fundamental root in its unwillingness to think and act from within the

“Sans cette graine d’inconscience on ne fait point de grandes choses” —Charles de Gaulle The Mount Lebanon Transitional Council (MLTC), launched on April 6,